As global demand for “critical minerals” accelerates to meet the needs of the energy transition, Canadian mining companies are key players, particularly in jurisdictions where regulatory oversight is weak and access to remedy for affected communities remains limited. Many of these operations are in Africa, where communities living near Canadian-owned mines have accused companies of significantly disrupting their lands, livelihoods, and environments. However, these grievances often go unaddressed, as both domestic legal systems in host countries and Canadian courts present considerable barriers to effective redress. This seminar examines the reasons behind this absence through two case studies: Barrick Gold’s operations in Tanzania and First Quantum Minerals’ activities in Zambia. Drawing on these case studies, Dr. Ghebremusse maintains that Canada’s legal system, as currently structured, effectively renders transnational corporate accountability for environmental harm and forced displacement practically unattainable.

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