Clay Duncalfe is a second-year PhD student in the Department of Politics at York University and a Research Assistant for the African Extractivism & the Green Transition partnership project. He holds a MA in Political Economy from Carleton University and a BA (Hons) in Political Studies from Trent University. He has previously worked as the Coordinator of the Green Economy Network and a Research Assistant for the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives. His research centers around “Critical Minerals Strategies” in the Global North, focusing on how differing domestic economic structures and associated political coalitions at the national level lead to divergent policy approaches toward mining-related supply chain integration.